European Waste and landfill
How the tracked legislation reaches the sector — 102 measures name it directly, and 71 more reach it through supply chains, procurement or other acts.
Direction
140 burden · 30 benefit
3 unchanged — counted in neither
Status
163 adopted · 8 proposed · 2 mixed
Channel
102 direct · 71 reached
reached via supply chain 9 · regulatory dependency 62
The platform holds 173 measures for European waste and landfill: 140 imposing a burden, 30 conferring a benefit, 3 carried over unchanged. Of these, 163 from law in force, 8 from proposals, 2 from a file spanning both; 102 arrive directly, 71 through a channel.
Recent changes
What moved in this sector
Named in the text
Measures that address waste and landfill directly
FND-04The Industrial Decarbonisation Bank funds capital investment (including grid connection, storage and flexibility costs) and operating expenditure for emission reductions/removals at industrial installations, financed by 400 million allowances (2028-2030) plus a further 400 million (2031-2040), with a reserved share for lower-GDP Member States.Operators of stationary industrial installations (including waste incineration) carrying out or substituting Annex I industrial production processes · BusinessesOpportunityMST-02Member States must earmark at least 50% of their ETS auction revenue (excluding indirect-cost compensation) for a defined list of decarbonisation priority purposes (clean energy/grids, industrial decarbonisation, maritime/aviation decarbonisation, modal shift, municipal waste hierarchy measures, circularity, lead markets for low-carbon products, R&D).Member States · GovernmentsRequirementFND-08ETS-sector businesses become eligible recipients of Member-State-channelled ETS auction revenue for decarbonisation investment support across a defined menu of purposes: topping up EU-level support mechanisms, clean energy/grid buildout around industrial clusters, industrial decarbonisation (electrification, CCUS, CO2 transport network), maritime and aviation decarbonisation, modal shift, municipal waste hierarchy measures, circularity, and lead markets for low-carbon products such as green steel.Businesses in ETS sectors (industrial, maritime, aviation) and waste management authorities · BusinessesOpportunityWST-01Waste incineration and co-incineration installations enter the EU ETS from 2031, with surrender obligations phased in gradually: 25% of verified emissions in 2031, rising to 50% (2032), 75% (2033), and 100% from 2034.Waste incineration and waste co-incineration installation operators · BusinessesRequirementWST-02Surrender allowances for emissions from waste incineration and co-incineration installations in outermost regions.Waste incineration and waste co-incineration installations in outermost regions · BusinessesSimplificationWST-03Surrender allowances for the emissions of a given reference year from waste incineration and co-incineration installations.Waste incineration and co-incineration installations in qualifying Member States · BusinessesSimplificationMST-05A Member State seeking the waste-incineration opt-out must notify the Commission by 31 July 2029 with evidence of eligibility and indicate the amount of allowances it will cancel from its own auction quota.Member States seeking the waste incineration opt-out · GovernmentsRequirementMRV-02Even where a waste incineration installation is granted the surrender opt-out, it must still fully comply with the standard EU ETS monitoring, reporting, verification and accreditation obligations.Waste incineration/co-incineration installations benefiting from the Art. 12b opt-out · BusinessesRequirementCBEN-01Build Union capacity towards extracting 10%, processing 40% and recycling 25% of the Union's annual consumption of each strategic raw material by 2030.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCBEN-02Diversify imports so that no single third country supplies more than 65% of the Union's annual consumption of any strategic raw material by 2030.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCSP-01A raw materials project meeting all five criteria -- supply-security contribution, technical feasibility, sustainable implementation, cross-border benefit, and mutual benefit for third countries -- is recognised by the Commission as a Strategic Project, which carries the priority permitting track, the financing subgroup and the offtake system.Promoters of critical raw material projects in the Union, third countries and OCTs · BusinessesEntitlementCSP-02File a Strategic Project application carrying ten items: evidence against the criteria, a UN Framework Classification, a permitting timetable, a public-acceptance plan, ownership and control information, a business plan, a jobs and skills estimate, a post-exploitation environmental restoration plan, an alternative-locations assessment in protected areas, and an indigenous-peoples consultation plan.Promoters applying for Strategic Project recognition · BusinessesRequirementCSP-03Decide on Strategic Project recognition within 90 days of acknowledging a complete application, give reasons, and notify the applicant, the Board and the territory concerned.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCSP-04Strategic Project status, and every right attached to it, is lost where the project stops meeting the Art. 6(1) criteria or was recognised on materially incorrect information.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesEntitlement withdrawnCSP-05A project that falls out of the criteria only because the list of strategic raw materials moved keeps its status, and everything attached to it, for three years.Promoters of Strategic Projects affected by an update of Annex I · BusinessesEntitlementCSP-06Report to the Commission every two years on implementation progress and permitting, on any slippage against the timetable and how it will be recovered, and on progress in financing including public support received.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCSP-07Supply additional information on the project when the Commission asks for it to check that the recognition criteria are still met.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCSP-08Notify the Commission of changes to the project that affect the recognition criteria, and of any lasting change of control over the undertakings involved.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCSP-09Run a free-access project website, in a language the local population understands and requiring no personal data to read, carrying at least the environmental, social and economic impacts and benefits of the project, and keep it updated.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCSPC-01Establish or designate single points of contact, with at most one per administrative level and stage of the critical raw materials value chain, and list them on an accessible website.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCPRM-01Strategic Projects in the Union count as being of public interest or serving public health and safety, and may be treated as of overriding public interest, in the derogations of the Habitats, Water and Birds Directives and of ecosystem-restoration law.Promoters of Strategic Projects in the Union · BusinessesEntitlementCPRM-02A Strategic Project is given the highest national significance status the Member State's own law provides, and is treated accordingly throughout permitting.Promoters of Strategic Projects in the Union · BusinessesEntitlementCPRM-03Litigation, appeals and remedies over a Strategic Project's permits are treated as urgent wherever national law has an urgency procedure -- with the promoter required to take part in it.Promoters of Strategic Projects in the Union · BusinessesEntitlementCPRM-04Complete the permit-granting process for a Strategic Project within 27 months where it involves extraction, or 15 months where it involves only processing or recycling.Member State permit-granting authorities and single points of contact · GovernmentsRequirementCPRM-05Where the project was already in permitting before recognition, or is an extension of a permitted Strategic Project, finish within 24 months for extraction or 12 months for processing or recycling, counted from recognition.Member State permit-granting authorities and single points of contact · GovernmentsRequirementCPRM-06Acknowledge completeness of a Strategic Project permit application within 45 days or state exactly what is missing, and on a second pass ask only for evidence completing what was already identified.Single points of contact · GovernmentsRequirementCPRM-07Publish the permit-granting schedule drawn up by the single point of contact on the project's own free-access website.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCENV-01Request a scoping opinion on the environmental impact assessment report within 30 days of being notified of Strategic Project recognition, and before filing the permit application.Promoters of Strategic Projects requiring an environmental impact assessment · BusinessesRequirementCENV-02Where two or more environmental assessment duties arise at once for a Strategic Project, run a coordinated or joint procedure satisfying all of them.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCENV-03Issue the reasoned conclusion on a Strategic Project's environmental impact assessment within 90 days of receiving all necessary information and completing consultations.Member State competent authorities · GovernmentsRequirementCFIN-01A Strategic Project promoter may call in the Board's financing subgroup to work through how to close the project's financing, across private sources, the EIB Group and other IFIs, national instruments and export credit agencies, and Union programmes including Global Gateway.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesEntitlementCOFF-01A Commission-run matching system where offtakers bid volumes, qualities, prices and durations and Strategic Project promoters post offers, with the Commission introducing the two sides -- demand-side access a project developer did not previously have.Promoters of Strategic Projects and offtakers of strategic raw materials · BusinessesOpportunityCMON-01Identify the key market operators in the critical raw materials value chain on the territory, monitor them through public data and proportionate surveys, report the results, and notify the Commission without delay of major events disrupting them.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCMON-02Answer a Member State's monitoring survey with the data already held, and give reasons for any refusal or claim that the data is unavailable.Key market operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesRequirementCMON-03A key market operator may refuse a monitoring data request where answering it would disclose trade or business secrets, and is never obliged to generate data it does not already hold.Key market operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesEntitlementCSTK-01Report the state of national strategic stocks -- levels in tonnes and as a share of annual consumption, chemical form and purity, five-year evolution, and the rules for release and distribution -- or give a justified notice for withholding it on defence or national security grounds.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCJP-02Stay out of demand aggregation and joint purchasing, as participant, supplier or service provider, where sanctioned under Art. 215 TFEU or owned, controlled by or acting for a sanctioned person.Entities targeted by Union restrictive measures, and entities they own, control or direct · BusinessesRequirementCCIR-01Adopt and run national circularity programmes: incentivise resource efficiency, promote re-use and repair, raise collection and processing of critical-raw-material-bearing waste including metal scrap, use recycled content in procurement award criteria or financial incentives, mature recycling technologies, build workforce skills, modulate extended producer responsibility fees, police waste exports, and support Union recycling quality standards.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCCIR-02Identify and report separately the quantities of critical-raw-material-bearing components removed from waste electrical and electronic equipment, and the quantities of critical raw materials recovered from it.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCEXW-01Produce and file a preliminary economic assessment study of the potential to recover critical raw materials from the extractive waste stored in the facility and from waste being generated, estimating quantities and concentrations and assessing technical and economic recoverability.Operators of extractive waste facilities under Directive 2006/21/EC · BusinessesRequirementCEXW-02Produce the preliminary economic assessment study on recovering critical raw materials from extractive waste.Operators of extractive waste facilities holding no technically recoverable critical raw materials · BusinessesSimplificationCEXW-03Build a public database of closed and abandoned extractive waste facilities carrying location, extent and waste volume, the operator or successor, and the quantities and concentrations of raw materials held -- backed by permit-file review, geochemical sampling and detailed characterisation.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCFP-01Publish an environmental footprint declaration for each critical raw material type placed on the market once calculation rules exist for it, naming the responsible person, the material type, the countries and regions of extraction, processing, refining and recycling, the calculated footprint, its performance class, and a link to the supporting study.Anyone placing critical raw materials, including processed and recycled, on the Union market · BusinessesRequirementCFP-02Give customers access to the environmental footprint declaration before they are bound by a sales contract, and display nothing likely to mislead or confuse them about what it says.Anyone placing critical raw materials on the Union market · BusinessesRequirementCREC-01A certification scheme owner may have its scheme recognised by the Commission against the Annex IV criteria, with the recognised coverage published in a public register -- and recognition feeds the Art. 6(1)(c) sustainability assessment for Strategic Projects.Governments, industry associations and groupings owning critical raw materials sustainability certification schemes · BusinessesEntitlementCREC-02Tell the Commission without delay of any change or update to a recognised scheme bearing on the Annex IV criteria.Owners of recognised certification schemes · BusinessesRequirementCPEN-01Lay down effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for infringements of the Regulation, put them into effect, and notify them and any amendment to the Commission without delay.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-BEN-03Work to moderate the expected increase in Union consumption of critical raw materials below the Art. 44(1) reference projection, through technological progress and resource efficiency.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-SP-10Continue to meet every requirement under Union, national and international law; Strategic Project recognition changes none of them.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-SP-11Run an open call with at least four cut-off dates a year and tell applicants within 30 days of the cut-off whether the application is complete.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-SP-12Accept that a single objection by the host Member State ends the application; the Member State must substantiate it before the Board.Promoters of proposed Strategic Projects, and the host Member State · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-SP-13Hold the 90-day decision deadline where the application's nature, complexity or size, or the number received, requires longer.Promoters awaiting a recognition decision · BusinessesSimplificationCRMAB-SP-14Before recognition is withdrawn the promoter gets the Commission's reasons, an opportunity to reply, and a reply the Commission must take into account.Promoters facing withdrawal of Strategic Project recognition · BusinessesEntitlementCRMAB-SPC-02Facilitate and coordinate the permit-granting process, provide the Art. 18 information, act as the sole point of contact, and help the promoter understand any administrative matter in the process.Single points of contact · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-SPC-03A promoter can reach the named administrative unit handling its file, and that unit keeps its responsibilities until the promoter has been notified of any change.Promoters of critical raw material projects · BusinessesEntitlementCRMAB-SPC-04Accept all permit-granting documents in electronic form.Member States and their permit-granting authorities · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-SPC-05Re-run valid studies or re-obtain permits already issued for the same project.Promoters of critical raw material projects · BusinessesSimplificationCRMAB-SPC-06Give applicants easy access to dispute-settlement information and procedures, including alternative dispute resolution where applicable.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-PRM-08Carry the permit-granting process out in the most rapid way Union and national law allow -- a duty on the promoter as much as on the authorities.Promoters of Strategic Projects and all authorities concerned · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-PRM-09Hold the permitting time limits where the project's nature, complexity, location or size requires longer -- six months more for extraction, three for processing or recycling.Promoters of Strategic Projects · BusinessesSimplificationCRMAB-PRM-10Decide within 30 days of the developer submitting the required information whether the Strategic Project needs a full environmental impact assessment.Member State competent authorities · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-ENV-04Request the scoping opinion within 30 days of recognition.Promoters whose project was already in permitting before recognition · BusinessesSimplificationCRMAB-PLAN-01Consider making room for critical raw materials projects in zoning, spatial and land use plans, with priority to built, industrial, brownfield and mined land.National, regional and local planning authorities · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-PLAN-02Combine the strategic environmental and habitats assessments for plans making room for critical raw materials projects, covering water bodies and the marine environment.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-INF-03Publish every permitting decision in an easily understandable form, with all decisions on one project on one website.Member States and their authorities · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-SP-15Take measures to facilitate timely implementation of a Strategic Project, including help with administrative and reporting compliance and with community involvement.Member States hosting a Strategic Project · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-INF-01Publish online and centrally the points of contact, the permit-granting and related processes, financing and investment services, funding possibilities, and business support services.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-INF-02Publish centralised online information on how Strategic Project recognition works and what it is worth.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-EXP-01Draw up and review a national exploration programme covering mineral mapping, geochemical campaigns, geoscientific surveys and reprocessing of existing survey data.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-EXP-02Publish free-access maps of mineral occurrences with UN Framework classification where applicable, and release processed geophysical and geochemical data and large-scale mapping on request.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-MON-04Publish and keep updated a free-access monitoring dashboard carrying the parameter trends, the supply-risk calculation, and where appropriate mitigation suggestions.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-MON-05Report new and existing critical raw material projects on the territory, classified under the UN Framework Classification for Resources.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-MON-06Pass the collated monitoring data to national statistical authorities and Eurostat, and designate the authority responsible for doing so.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-STK-02Give particular weight, when opining on national stocks, to keeping private operators' incentives to hold their own strategic stocks and manage their own supply-risk exposure.The Commission and the Board · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-JP-03Set up and operate an open, transparent demand-aggregation system covering unprocessed and processed strategic raw materials, after assessing the competition impact and setting minimum participation volumes with SMEs in mind.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-CIR-03National circularity programmes may pay for circularity directly -- discounts, monetary rewards or deposit-refund systems for re-use, and for the collection and treatment of waste from products with recovery potential.Holders and collectors of products and waste with critical raw materials recovery potential · BusinessesOpportunityCRMAB-EXW-04Put quantities and concentrations, an assessment of technical and economic recoverability, and the estimation methods used into the study.Operators of extractive waste facilities · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-EXW-05Cooperate with the Member State's sampling and characterisation of closed extractive waste facilities where national property, mineral or environmental law prevents the authority acting alone.Operators and owners of closed extractive waste facilities · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-REP-01Supply information beyond what the reporting provisions listed in Art. 45(1) already require.Economic operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesSimplificationFREE-02Do not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of packaging that complies with Arts. 5 to 12, and do not enforce additional national requirements against compliant packaging.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementLAB-05Ensure harmonised labels enabling separate collection of each material fraction are affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly on all packaging-waste receptacles.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementOPS-08Report the Annex XII Table 3 packaging-waste information to the competent authority annually through the Art. 35(1) electronic registry, and give producers or their producer responsibility organisation everything they need for their own Art. 44(10) reporting.Packaging waste management operators · BusinessesRequirementBAG-01Meet the 40-bags-per-capita ceiling in EVERY year after 2025, not only in 2025, and lose the alternative route of discharging the duty by ensuring bags are not supplied free of charge.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementBAG-02Keep annual consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags at or below 40 per capita -- the level itself, unchanged from the repealed directive.Member States · GovernmentsNeutralAUT-01Designate competent authorities for this Chapter and for Arts. 6(10), 29(1)-(7) and (9) and 30 to 34, lay down their organisation and the administrative and procedural rules for registration, reporting oversight, EPR supervision, EPR authorisation and information, and notify the Commission by 12 July 2025.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementAUT-02Add a dedicated packaging chapter to the Directive 2008/98/EC waste management plan covering Arts. 48, 50 and 52 measures, and a dedicated packaging chapter to the waste prevention programme covering Arts. 43 and 51 measures and litter.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementPRV-01Reduce packaging waste generated per capita against a 2018 baseline by at least 5% by 2030, 10% by 2035 and 15% by 2040, and endeavour to reduce plastic packaging waste specifically.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCOL-01Set up return and separate collection covering the whole territory and all packaging waste, open to operators, authorities and third parties and to imported products on non-discriminatory terms; collect design-for-recycling-compliant packaging for recycling and prohibit its incineration and landfill.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCOL-02Set mandatory national collection objectives for the Art. 52 materials, consistent with the recycling targets and with the Art. 7 recycled-content requirements.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementDRS-01Separately collect at least 90% by weight per year of single-use plastic beverage bottles and single-use metal beverage containers up to three litres.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementDRS-02Set up deposit and return systems for single-use plastic beverage bottles and metal beverage containers, with a deposit charged at the point of sale, meeting the Annex X minimum requirements.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementDRS-03Ensure return points for reusable packaging are as convenient for end users as the return points for single-use packaging in a deposit and return system.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementRRF-01Take measures encouraging re-use and refill systems that comply with Arts. 27 and 28 and Annex VI without compromising food hygiene or consumer safety, and ensure EPR schemes and deposit and return systems allocate a minimum share of their budget to reduction and prevention.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementRCT-01Achieve recycling of at least 65% of all packaging waste by weight by 31 December 2025 and 70% by 31 December 2030, with material lines of 50/55% plastic, 25/30% wood, 70/80% ferrous metals, 50/60% aluminium, 70/75% glass and 75/85% paper and cardboard.Member States · GovernmentsNeutralRCT-02Calculate packaging waste generated and packaging waste recycled each calendar year on the Art. 53 rules, exhaustively, adjusted for comparability, reliability and completeness under the Art. 56(7) implementing act.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementRCT-03Where an adjusted recycling target is claimed for re-use, calculate it by subtracting the three-year average share of reusable sales packaging, capped at five percentage points, and account separately for wooden packaging repaired for re-use.Member States claiming a re-use adjustment · GovernmentsRequirementINF-02Report to the Commission each calendar year on recycling target implementation and reusable packaging, per-capita consumption of each carrier-bag category, the DRS separate collection rate, and the quantities of packaging made available, collected and recycled by category.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementINF-03Establish harmonised packaging and packaging waste databases carrying the Annex XII data and information on flows, made publicly accessible in a machine-readable, interoperable and re-usable format.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementMSV-01Lay down effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for infringements, including administrative fines for breaches of Arts. 24 to 29, and notify the Commission of the rules and of any later amendment.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementMSV-02Where there is sufficient reason to believe packaging presents a risk to the environment or human health, evaluate it against all relevant requirements, require the operator to take corrective action, and where the operator does not act, prohibit or restrict the packaging or withdraw or recall it.Member State market surveillance authorities · GovernmentsRequirementMSV-03Communicate national non-compliance measures without delay to the Art. 25(1) authorities under Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 so they feed the border risk analysis, and act on formal non-compliance under Art. 62.Member State market surveillance and designated border authorities · GovernmentsRequirementGPP-01Apply the Commission's minimum mandatory green public procurement requirements when awarding contracts where packaging or packaged products represent more than 30% of the estimated contract value or of the value of products used by the contracted services.Contracting authorities and contracting entities under Directives 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU · GovernmentsRequirement
Reaches you without naming you
Measures that land through a channel
Supply chain 9 · Another act 62
CALC-04Treat ferrous waste and scrap, other than post-consumer scrap, as a precursor whose embedded emissions count towards the goods.Operators and declarants using ferrous scrap as an input material · BusinessesRequirementCALC-05Treat aluminium waste and scrap, other than post-consumer scrap, as a precursor whose embedded emissions count towards the goods.Operators and declarants using aluminium scrap as an input material · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-01Identify the large companies on the territory that use strategic raw materials to make batteries, hydrogen equipment, renewable generation equipment, aircraft, traction motors, heat pumps, data and mobile equipment, additive manufacturing and robotics equipment, drones, rocket launchers, satellites or advanced chips.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRSK-02Carry out, at least every three years, a supply-chain risk assessment mapping where the strategic raw materials used are extracted, processed or recycled, analysing what could affect their supply, and assessing the company's vulnerability to disruption.Large companies making batteries, hydrogen, renewable, aerospace, traction, heat pump, electronics, robotics or chip equipment with strategic raw materials · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-03Obtain supply-chain information from suppliers in order to carry out the risk assessment.Large companies subject to the Art. 24(2) risk assessment · BusinessesSimplificationCRSK-04Where the risk assessment finds significant vulnerabilities, take mitigating action, including assessing whether supply chains can be diversified or the strategic raw materials substituted.Large companies subject to the Art. 24(2) risk assessment · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-05Present the risk-assessment report, and the information requests made to suppliers, to the board of directors.Large companies in Member States that exercise the Art. 24(6) option · BusinessesRequirementCJP-01Undertakings in the Commission's demand-aggregation system may jointly negotiate purchases -- prices and other terms included -- to win better conditions from suppliers or head off shortages, on a transparent basis and within competition law.Union undertakings consuming strategic raw materials · BusinessesEntitlementCMAG-05Publish, on a free-access website, the share of neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, terbium, boron, samarium, nickel and cobalt recovered from post-consumer waste in the product's permanent magnets, once the total magnet weight passes 0.2 kg.Anyone placing listed products with more than 0.2 kg of rare-earth or samarium-cobalt magnets on the market · BusinessesRequirementCMAG-06Meet minimum recycled shares of neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, terbium, boron, samarium, nickel and cobalt in the permanent magnets of listed products.Anyone placing listed products with permanent magnets on the Union market · BusinessesRequirementCRMAB-RSK-06A large company may take the risk assessment to its own board, with the sources, the risks found and the mitigation planned -- and does not have to unless its Member State requires it.Large companies identified under Art. 24(1) · BusinessesEntitlementFREE-01Place packaging on the market only if it complies with this Regulation.Any economic operator placing packaging on the market · BusinessesRequirementFREE-03Packaging that meets Arts. 5 to 12 may be placed on the market anywhere in the Union: no Member State may block it, and no additional national sustainability or information requirement may be enforced against it. One compliance route replaces 27.Economic operators placing compliant packaging on the market · BusinessesEntitlementSUB-01Manufacture packaging so that the presence and concentration of substances of concern is minimised, including in emissions and in waste-management outputs such as secondary raw materials and ashes.Manufacturers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementSUB-02Keep the sum of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium in packaging or packaging components at or below 100 mg/kg.Manufacturers and importers of packaging · BusinessesNeutralSUB-03Rely on a heavy-metals exemption only where a Commission delegated act grants it; the exemptions are now time-limited, subject to marking, information and regular reporting requirements, and reviewable.Manufacturers relying on a heavy-metals derogation · BusinessesRequirementSUB-04Do not place food-contact packaging on the market at or above 25 ppb for any single PFAS, 250 ppb for the sum of targeted PFAS, or 50 ppm for total PFAS including polymeric.Manufacturers and importers of food-contact packaging · BusinessesProhibitionREC-01Make all packaging recyclable: designed for material recycling, and collectable, sortable and recycled at scale when it becomes waste.Manufacturers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementREC-02Assess and grade each packaging unit A, B or C for recyclability; from 2030 do not place packaging below grade C on the market, and from 1 January 2038 do not place packaging below grade B.Manufacturers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementREC-03Re-comply with design-for-recycling criteria within 3 years each time the Commission adopts or updates them by delegated act.Economic operators placing packaging on the market · BusinessesRequirementREC-04Pay EPR financial contributions modulated by the packaging's recyclability performance grade.Producers subject to extended producer responsibility · BusinessesRequirementREC-05Packaging that qualifies as innovative may be sold for up to five years from the end of the year it was first placed on the market even though it does not meet the recyclability requirement -- a run-in period no other packaging gets.Economic operators placing innovative packaging on the market · BusinessesEntitlementRCY-01Meet minimum recycled content in every plastic part of packaging, averaged per manufacturing plant per year: 30% for contact-sensitive PET, 10% for other contact-sensitive plastics, 30% for single-use plastic beverage bottles, 35% for all other plastic packaging.Manufacturers and importers of plastic packaging · BusinessesRequirementRCY-02Meet the 2040 recycled-content step: 50% for contact-sensitive PET, 25% for other contact-sensitive plastics, 65% for single-use plastic beverage bottles, 65% for all other plastic packaging.Manufacturers and importers of plastic packaging · BusinessesRequirementRCY-03Calculate and verify recycled-content percentages by the Commission's methodology, and where the methodology requires it submit to independent third-party audit.Manufacturers of recycled content and of plastic packaging placed on the market · BusinessesRequirementCMP-01Make the packaging listed in Art. 3(1) point (1)(f) and sticky labels on fruit and vegetables compostable in industrially controlled conditions, and home-compostable where the Member State requires it.Manufacturers of the listed packaging and of fruit and vegetable labels · BusinessesRequirementCMP-02Design biodegradable-polymer and other biodegradable packaging for material recycling under Art. 6, without affecting the recyclability of other waste streams.Manufacturers of biodegradable packaging · BusinessesRequirementMIN-01Design packaging so weight and volume are reduced to the minimum necessary for functionality, and document the assessment against the Annex IV performance criteria.Manufacturers and importers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementMIN-02Do not place on the market packaging failing the Annex IV performance criteria, or packaging whose features exist only to increase perceived product volume -- double walls, false bottoms, unnecessary layers.Manufacturers and importers of packaging · BusinessesProhibitionREU-01Meet all nine reusability criteria before packaging counts as reusable: designed for multiple rotations, emptiable and refillable without damage, reconditionable per Annex VI Part B, labellable, safe to handle, and recyclable at end of life.Manufacturers of reusable packaging · BusinessesRequirementLAB-01Mark packaging with the harmonised material-composition label, pictogram-based and understandable including for people with disabilities; mark compostable packaging as compostable, not home-compostable and not for disposal in nature.Economic operators placing packaging on the market · BusinessesRequirementLAB-02Label reusable packaging as reusable, carry a QR code or open digital data carrier giving re-use system and collection-point information and enabling trip and rotation counting, and distinguish reusable from single-use packaging at the point of sale.Economic operators placing reusable packaging on the market · BusinessesRequirementLAB-03Do not display labels, marks, symbols or inscriptions likely to mislead or confuse consumers about packaging sustainability, other packaging characteristics, or waste-management options where this Regulation has harmonised the labelling.Economic operators · BusinessesProhibitionLAB-04Packaging made or imported before the labelling deadlines may still be sold for three years after those requirements enter into force, so existing stock and pre-printed material do not have to be written off on the deadline.Economic operators holding pre-deadline packaging stock · BusinessesEntitlementOPS-01Carry out the Annex VII conformity assessment, draw up the technical documentation and the EU declaration of conformity, and keep both for 5 years for single-use and 10 years for reusable packaging.Manufacturers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementOPS-02Keep series production in conformity, tracking changes in packaging design and characteristics and in harmonised standards, common specifications and other technical specifications.Manufacturers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementOPS-04Before placing packaging on the market, verify that the manufacturer carried out the conformity assessment and drew up the technical documentation, that the packaging is labelled under Art. 12 and accompanied by the required documents, and mark your own name, trade name and contact address on the packaging.Importers of packaging · BusinessesRequirementOPS-07On request, identify to market surveillance authorities every operator that supplied you with packaging or packaged products and every operator you supplied, retaining the ability to do so for 5 years for single-use and 10 years for reusable packaging.Economic operators · BusinessesRequirementEXC-01Keep empty space in grouped, transport and e-commerce packaging at or below 50%, counting filling materials such as paper cuttings, air cushions, bubble wrap and foam chips as empty space.Economic operators who fill grouped, transport or e-commerce packaging · BusinessesRequirementEXC-02Reduce empty space in sales packaging to the minimum necessary for functionality and product protection, assessed at the time of filling for products subject to settlement or requiring headspace.Economic operators who fill sales packaging · BusinessesRequirementBAN-01Do not place on the market any packaging in the formats and for the uses listed in Annex V -- single-use grouped packaging for multipacks, single-use packaging for unprocessed fresh fruit and vegetables, single-use packaging for food and drink consumed on premises in the HORECA sector, single-use condiment and sauce sachets, hotel miniature toiletries, and very light plastic carrier bags outside hygiene or loose-food use.Economic operators placing packaging on the market · BusinessesProhibitionRSY-01Ensure a re-use system meeting Annex VI, including a collection incentive, exists in each Member State where you first make reusable packaging available, and document the system's compliance in the technical documentation with written confirmations from system participants.Economic operators first making reusable packaging available in a Member State · BusinessesRequirementRSY-02Participate in one or more Annex VI Part A re-use systems, recondition reusable packaging per Annex VI Part B before offering it again, and in closed-loop systems return packaging to an approved collection point.Economic operators using reusable packaging · BusinessesRequirementRFL-01Publish and keep updated the rules for refill -- permitted container types, hygiene standards, and the end user's own health and safety responsibility -- displayed on the premises or otherwise provided.Economic operators offering refill · BusinessesRequirementRFL-02Make refill stations comply with Annex VI Part C and with other Union requirements for selling through refill, and do not give away free packaging or containers at refill stations unless they meet Annex VI or sit in a deposit and return system.Economic operators offering refill · BusinessesRequirementRFL-04Endeavour to dedicate 10% of sales area to refill stations for food and non-food products.Final distributors with a sales area over 400 m2 · BusinessesRequirementRTG-01Ensure at least 40% of transport packaging -- pallets, foldable plastic boxes, trays, crates, IBCs, pails, drums, canisters, pallet wrappings and straps -- is reusable within a re-use system, rising to an endeavour of 70% from 2040.Economic operators using transport packaging in the Union · BusinessesRequirementRTG-02Use only reusable transport packaging within a re-use system for movements between your own sites and those of linked or partner enterprises.Economic operators moving goods between their own or linked sites · BusinessesRequirementRTG-03Use only reusable transport packaging within a re-use system for deliveries to another economic operator inside the same Member State.Economic operators delivering to another operator in the same Member State · BusinessesRequirementRTG-04Ensure at least 10% of grouped packaging in the form of boxes, excluding cardboard, is reusable within a re-use system, rising to an endeavour of 25% from 2040.Economic operators using grouped packaging boxes · BusinessesRequirementRTG-05Make at least 10% of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages available in reusable packaging within a re-use system, rising to an endeavour of 40% from 2040, and ensure own-brand packaged products contribute fairly and proportionately.Final distributors of beverages · BusinessesRequirementRTG-06Take back free of charge all reusable packaging of the same type, form and size you made available, at or close to the point of handover, and fully redeem or notify the associated deposit.Final distributors subject to the beverage re-use target · BusinessesRequirementRTG-07Where the Member State allows it, final distributors may pool to meet the beverage re-use target together rather than each hitting 10% alone -- up to five members, up to 40% of the relevant beverage category's market share.Final distributors subject to the Art. 29(6) beverage target · BusinessesEntitlementRTG-08Calculate achievement of each re-use target separately, in equivalent units of the listed formats for transport and grouped packaging, and in sales units or volume of beverages for the final-distributor targets.Economic operators and final distributors subject to the Art. 29 targets · BusinessesRequirementRTG-09Report re-use target achievement to the competent authority within 6 months of each reporting year's end, through its electronic system and in its format, with further information on request.Economic operators subject to the Art. 29 re-use targets · BusinessesRequirementTKA-01Provide a system letting consumers bring their own container to be filled with take-away hot or cold beverages and with ready-prepared food, at no higher cost and on no less favourable terms than the same product in single-use packaging, and inform consumers of the option at the point of sale.Final distributors in the HORECA sector selling take-away food and drink · BusinessesRequirementTKA-02Offer consumers the option of take-away food and drink in reusable packaging within a re-use system, at no higher cost and on no less favourable terms than single-use, informed at the point of sale; from 2030 endeavour to offer 10% of products in a reusable format.Final distributors in the HORECA sector selling take-away food and drink · BusinessesRequirementCNF-01Demonstrate compliance with Arts. 5 to 12, 24 and 26 using reliable, accurate and reproducible test, measurement and calculation methods reflecting the state of the art, with results of low uncertainty.Economic operators demonstrating conformity · BusinessesRequirementCNF-02No longer required to prove conformity from first principles where a harmonised standard covers the requirement: conformity is presumed, and Art. 37 adds a Commission common-specification fallback where no standard exists or the standard is inadequate.Economic operators demonstrating conformity of packaging · BusinessesSimplificationREG-01Register in the national producer register of every Member State where you first make packaging or packaged products available, or where you unpack packaged products without being an end user, supplying the Annex IX Part A information; do not make packaging available at all until registered.Producers of packaging and packaged products · BusinessesRequirementREG-02Report the Annex IX Part B information to the register by 1 June each year for the preceding calendar year, with a lighter Part B point 2 return for producers under 10 tonnes; submit quarterly instead where the Member State requires it for budgetary reasons, and notify changes and cessation without undue delay.Producers, their authorised representatives, or their producer responsibility organisation · BusinessesRequirementEPR-01Carry extended producer responsibility for all packaging first made available or unpacked in a Member State, with financial contributions additionally covering the cost of labelling waste receptacles under Art. 13 and of compositional surveys of mixed municipal waste.Producers of packaging and packaged products · BusinessesRequirementEPR-02Before allowing a producer to use the platform, obtain its Art. 44 registration details and registration number for the consumer's Member State and a self-certification of EPR compliance, and make best efforts to assess whether that information is complete and reliable.Providers of online platforms allowing distance contracts with producers · BusinessesRequirementEPR-03Check the producer's registration and EPR self-certification against an official database or the public register, require correction where the information looks inaccurate, incomplete or out of date, and suspend the service until it is corrected, giving reasons.Fulfilment service providers · BusinessesRequirementEPR-05Apply to the competent authority for authorisation to fulfil extended producer responsibility, individually or through a producer responsibility organisation, and notify changes or cessation without undue delay.Producers fulfilling EPR individually, and producer responsibility organisations · BusinessesRequirementEPR-06Provide an adequate financial guarantee covering waste management costs owed in the event of non-compliance, permanent cessation of operations or insolvency.Producers fulfilling EPR individually, and producer responsibility organisations · BusinessesRequirementINF-01Make available to end users information on their role in waste prevention, the re-use arrangements available, their role in separate collection including for packaging containing hazardous products, the meaning of on-pack labels and symbols, and the impact of littering and of discarding packaging in mixed municipal waste.Producers, producer responsibility organisations, or appointed public authorities · BusinessesRequirementRC-01Accompany the battery with documentation stating the percentage of cobalt, lithium or nickel in active materials recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste, and the percentage of lead recovered from waste, per model per year per manufacturing site.Manufacturers of industrial, electric vehicle and SLI batteries · BusinessesRequirementBP-01Give each LMT, larger industrial and electric vehicle battery an electronic record carrying the Annex XIII information, accessible through the QR code on the battery.Economic operators placing batteries on the market · BusinessesRequirementEPR-01Carry extended producer responsibility for every battery first made available on a Member State's market, including the cost of collection, treatment and recycling.Producers of batteries · BusinessesRequirementREC-01Do not dispose of collected waste batteries or send them for energy recovery.Operators of waste battery treatment facilities · BusinessesProhibition
Where the pressure comes from
Pressure arrives from 3 acts directly, 2 more without ever naming it
Pressure arrives at European waste and landfill from 3 acts that name it directly, and from 2 more that never do: CBAM extension, Batteries Regulation.
EU ETS revision — names the sector in 8 measures
Critical Raw Materials Act — names the sector in 71 measures, reaches it in 9 more via another act and supply chain
Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation — names the sector in 23 measures, reaches it in 56 more via another act and supply chain
CBAM extension — never names the sector; reaches it in 2 measures via supply chain
Batteries Regulation — never names the sector; reaches it in 4 measures via another act
Net position
What the corpus does to this sector, in total
173measures reach this sector · 138 press, 30 relieve or grant
In force Proposed or mixed basis
Supply chain and country exposure
What waste and landfill buys, sells and imports
Inputs come from
What this sector buys
- wholesale trade5.9%
- construction4.7%
- security & facilities4.5%
- public administration4.1%
- architecture & engineering4.1%
- electricity & gas3.5%
- legal, accounting & consulting3.3%
- basic metals (steel & aluminium)3.3%
- everything else66.7%
Goods go to
Who buys from this sector
- basic metals (steel & aluminium)10.5%
- public administration7.2%
- construction6.4%
- real estate4%
- food, drink & tobacco3.2%
- fabricated metal products3%
- electrical equipment3%
- paper2.6%
- everything else60.2%
This list covers sales to other industries only. A further 25.3% of what this sector sells goes straight to final use — households, government and capital formation — and so appears nowhere above.
Import exposure
6.3% of inputs come from outside the EU
- rest of world27.1%
- United Kingdom15%
- United States14.1%
- China9.2%
- Switzerland6.4%
- India4.4%
- Mexico3.2%
- Türkiye3.1%
- everything else17.5%
waste & sewerage (E37T39). percent of sector's total inputs (suppliers) / total output (customers); OTHER row carries the remainder to 100. Source: Eurostat input-output data, 2026 edition, 2024 reference year (EU inter-country tables, industry by industry).
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