European Aviation
How the tracked legislation reaches the sector — 17 measures name it directly, and 22 more reach it through supply chains, procurement or other acts.
Direction
24 burden · 15 benefit
Status
29 adopted · 10 proposed
Channel
17 direct · 22 reached
reached via supply chain 9 · procurement 1 · regulatory dependency 12
The platform holds 39 measures for European aviation: 24 imposing a burden, 15 conferring a benefit. Of these, 29 from law in force, 10 from proposals; 17 arrive directly, 22 through a channel.
Recent changes
What moved in this sector
Named in the text
Measures that address aviation directly
FND-03Grants and other support (e.g. blended finance) from the Innovation Fund, financed by auctioning 200 million allowances from reduced free allocation, are available via open competitive calls for projects scaling up low-/zero-carbon and carbon-negative products, processes and technologies across all Member States.Businesses/projects in sectors listed in Annex I and III, including CCU, CCS, DACCS, maritime/aviation decarbonisation and clean-technology manufacturing · BusinessesOpportunityMST-02Member States must earmark at least 50% of their ETS auction revenue (excluding indirect-cost compensation) for a defined list of decarbonisation priority purposes (clean energy/grids, industrial decarbonisation, maritime/aviation decarbonisation, modal shift, municipal waste hierarchy measures, circularity, lead markets for low-carbon products, R&D).Member States · GovernmentsRequirementFND-08ETS-sector businesses become eligible recipients of Member-State-channelled ETS auction revenue for decarbonisation investment support across a defined menu of purposes: topping up EU-level support mechanisms, clean energy/grid buildout around industrial clusters, industrial decarbonisation (electrification, CCUS, CO2 transport network), maritime and aviation decarbonisation, modal shift, municipal waste hierarchy measures, circularity, and lead markets for low-carbon products such as green steel.Businesses in ETS sectors (industrial, maritime, aviation) and waste management authorities · BusinessesOpportunityAVI-01Aircraft operators can apply annually for free allowances covering 30-100% of the price differential between fossil kerosene and eligible sustainable aviation fuels (with a new electricity category from 1 January 2027), plus long-term contract reservations and a contrail-reduction bonus of up to 0.12% of verified emissions.Aircraft operators using sustainable aviation fuel or electricity · BusinessesOpportunityAVI-02A further 110 million allowances (on top of the existing Art. 3c(6) reserve) are set aside until 2040 to fund sustainable-aviation-fuel and electricity price-differential support for aircraft operators, becoming available for all EEA-departing flights from 1 January 2029.Aircraft operators · BusinessesOpportunityAVI-03Aircraft operators temporarily face surrender obligations on nearly all non-EEA international flights during 2027-2028 (with a small-emitter carve-out below 10,000 tonnes/year), before scope narrows from 2029-2032 to only long-haul flights over 5,000 km from Frankfurt.Aircraft operators flying to/from non-EEA states · BusinessesRequirementAVI-04Surrender allowances under Art. 12(3) for emissions from flights to or from listed LDC/SIDS states.Aircraft operators flying to/from listed LDC/SIDS states · BusinessesSimplificationETSB-AVI-06Comply with the surrender, monitoring, reporting and registry requirements of the EU ETS for emissions from flights between an aerodrome in an outermost region and another aerodrome in the same Member State.Aircraft operators on flights between an outermost region and the same Member State · BusinessesSimplificationETSSVC-01Third countries that introduce their own absolute-cap carbon pricing for aviation/maritime emissions (with EU technical/administrative support under 'ETS as a service') receive the full auction revenue generated from the EU-side allowances covering the corresponding share of those emissions.Third countries introducing linked-style emissions pricing for aviation/maritime with EU support · GovernmentsOpportunityETSB-MRV-02Aircraft operators must cancel their notified quantity of CORSIA-eligible units by fixed statutory deadlines for each CORSIA compliance periodAircraft operators subject to CORSIA offsetting · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-01Identify the large companies on the territory that use strategic raw materials to make batteries, hydrogen equipment, renewable generation equipment, aircraft, traction motors, heat pumps, data and mobile equipment, additive manufacturing and robotics equipment, drones, rocket launchers, satellites or advanced chips.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRSK-02Carry out, at least every three years, a supply-chain risk assessment mapping where the strategic raw materials used are extracted, processed or recycled, analysing what could affect their supply, and assessing the company's vulnerability to disruption.Large companies making batteries, hydrogen, renewable, aerospace, traction, heat pump, electronics, robotics or chip equipment with strategic raw materials · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-03Obtain supply-chain information from suppliers in order to carry out the risk assessment.Large companies subject to the Art. 24(2) risk assessment · BusinessesSimplificationCRSK-04Where the risk assessment finds significant vulnerabilities, take mitigating action, including assessing whether supply chains can be diversified or the strategic raw materials substituted.Large companies subject to the Art. 24(2) risk assessment · BusinessesRequirementCRSK-05Present the risk-assessment report, and the information requests made to suppliers, to the board of directors.Large companies in Member States that exercise the Art. 24(6) option · BusinessesRequirementCJP-01Undertakings in the Commission's demand-aggregation system may jointly negotiate purchases -- prices and other terms included -- to win better conditions from suppliers or head off shortages, on a transparent basis and within competition law.Union undertakings consuming strategic raw materials · BusinessesEntitlementCRMAB-RSK-06A large company may take the risk assessment to its own board, with the sources, the risks found and the mitigation planned -- and does not have to unless its Member State requires it.Large companies identified under Art. 24(1) · BusinessesEntitlement
Reaches you without naming you
Measures that land through a channel
Another act 12 · Supply chain 9 · Procurement 1
CBEN-01Build Union capacity towards extracting 10%, processing 40% and recycling 25% of the Union's annual consumption of each strategic raw material by 2030.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCBEN-02Diversify imports so that no single third country supplies more than 65% of the Union's annual consumption of any strategic raw material by 2030.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCSP-01A raw materials project meeting all five criteria -- supply-security contribution, technical feasibility, sustainable implementation, cross-border benefit, and mutual benefit for third countries -- is recognised by the Commission as a Strategic Project, which carries the priority permitting track, the financing subgroup and the offtake system.Promoters of critical raw material projects in the Union, third countries and OCTs · BusinessesEntitlementCSP-02File a Strategic Project application carrying ten items: evidence against the criteria, a UN Framework Classification, a permitting timetable, a public-acceptance plan, ownership and control information, a business plan, a jobs and skills estimate, a post-exploitation environmental restoration plan, an alternative-locations assessment in protected areas, and an indigenous-peoples consultation plan.Promoters applying for Strategic Project recognition · BusinessesRequirementCOFF-01A Commission-run matching system where offtakers bid volumes, qualities, prices and durations and Strategic Project promoters post offers, with the Commission introducing the two sides -- demand-side access a project developer did not previously have.Promoters of Strategic Projects and offtakers of strategic raw materials · BusinessesOpportunityCMON-01Identify the key market operators in the critical raw materials value chain on the territory, monitor them through public data and proportionate surveys, report the results, and notify the Commission without delay of major events disrupting them.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCMON-02Answer a Member State's monitoring survey with the data already held, and give reasons for any refusal or claim that the data is unavailable.Key market operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesRequirementCMON-03A key market operator may refuse a monitoring data request where answering it would disclose trade or business secrets, and is never obliged to generate data it does not already hold.Key market operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesEntitlementCSTK-01Report the state of national strategic stocks -- levels in tonnes and as a share of annual consumption, chemical form and purity, five-year evolution, and the rules for release and distribution -- or give a justified notice for withholding it on defence or national security grounds.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCJP-02Stay out of demand aggregation and joint purchasing, as participant, supplier or service provider, where sanctioned under Art. 215 TFEU or owned, controlled by or acting for a sanctioned person.Entities targeted by Union restrictive measures, and entities they own, control or direct · BusinessesRequirementCCIR-01Adopt and run national circularity programmes: incentivise resource efficiency, promote re-use and repair, raise collection and processing of critical-raw-material-bearing waste including metal scrap, use recycled content in procurement award criteria or financial incentives, mature recycling technologies, build workforce skills, modulate extended producer responsibility fees, police waste exports, and support Union recycling quality standards.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCFP-01Publish an environmental footprint declaration for each critical raw material type placed on the market once calculation rules exist for it, naming the responsible person, the material type, the countries and regions of extraction, processing, refining and recycling, the calculated footprint, its performance class, and a link to the supporting study.Anyone placing critical raw materials, including processed and recycled, on the Union market · BusinessesRequirementCFP-02Give customers access to the environmental footprint declaration before they are bound by a sales contract, and display nothing likely to mislead or confuse them about what it says.Anyone placing critical raw materials on the Union market · BusinessesRequirementCREC-01A certification scheme owner may have its scheme recognised by the Commission against the Annex IV criteria, with the recognised coverage published in a public register -- and recognition feeds the Art. 6(1)(c) sustainability assessment for Strategic Projects.Governments, industry associations and groupings owning critical raw materials sustainability certification schemes · BusinessesEntitlementCPEN-01Lay down effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for infringements of the Regulation, put them into effect, and notify them and any amendment to the Commission without delay.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-BEN-03Work to moderate the expected increase in Union consumption of critical raw materials below the Art. 44(1) reference projection, through technological progress and resource efficiency.The Commission and Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-EXP-01Draw up and review a national exploration programme covering mineral mapping, geochemical campaigns, geoscientific surveys and reprocessing of existing survey data.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-EXP-02Publish free-access maps of mineral occurrences with UN Framework classification where applicable, and release processed geophysical and geochemical data and large-scale mapping on request.Member States · GovernmentsRequirementCRMAB-MON-04Publish and keep updated a free-access monitoring dashboard carrying the parameter trends, the supply-risk calculation, and where appropriate mitigation suggestions.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-STK-02Give particular weight, when opining on national stocks, to keeping private operators' incentives to hold their own strategic stocks and manage their own supply-risk exposure.The Commission and the Board · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-JP-03Set up and operate an open, transparent demand-aggregation system covering unprocessed and processed strategic raw materials, after assessing the competition impact and setting minimum participation volumes with SMEs in mind.The Commission · European CommissionRequirementCRMAB-REP-01Supply information beyond what the reporting provisions listed in Art. 45(1) already require.Economic operators along the critical raw materials value chain · BusinessesSimplification
Where the pressure comes from
Pressure arrives from 2 acts directly
Pressure arrives at European aviation from 2 acts that name it directly.
EU ETS revision — names the sector in 10 measures
Critical Raw Materials Act — names the sector in 7 measures, reaches it in 22 more via another act and procurement and supply chain
Net position
What the corpus does to this sector, in total
39measures reach this sector · 24 press, 15 relieve or grant
In force Proposed or mixed basis
Supply chain and country exposure
What aviation buys, sells and imports
Inputs come from
What this sector buys
- refined petroleum17.7%
- warehousing11.8%
- machinery repair7.7%
- other transport equipment5.5%
- wholesale trade5.2%
- leasing3.4%
- finance3.4%
- hotels & restaurants3.3%
- everything else41.9%
Goods go to
Who buys from this sector
- travel agencies17.6%
- warehousing4.4%
- public administration3.8%
- machinery3.8%
- electronics3.7%
- wholesale trade3.6%
- postal3%
- vehicles2.7%
- everything else57.4%
This list covers sales to other industries only. A further 49.8% of what this sector sells goes straight to final use — households, government and capital formation — and so appears nowhere above.
Import exposure
22.6% of inputs come from outside the EU
- rest of world29.8%
- United States18.4%
- United Kingdom12.9%
- China5.9%
- India5.9%
- Switzerland4.3%
- Saudi Arabia4.1%
- South Korea3.1%
- everything else15.6%
air transport (H51). percent of sector's total inputs (suppliers) / total output (customers); OTHER row carries the remainder to 100. Source: Eurostat input-output data, 2026 edition, 2024 reference year (EU inter-country tables, industry by industry).
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